1. What is Summary Judgment?

• It’s a legal procedure that allows a court to issue a judgment without a full trial.

• This happens when there’s no real issue to be tried or one party has no realistic chance of winning.

2. How Summary Judgment Works

• Application and Affidavit: The party seeking summary judgment must file an application with evidence (an affidavit) supporting their case.

• Response from the Opposing Party: The other party can file an affidavit in response, providing their side of the story.

• Court’s Decision: The court reviews the evidence to decide if there’s a real issue to be resolved. If not, it may issue a judgment right away.

3. Possible Court Actions

• Granting Summary Judgment: If the court is convinced one party has no real chance of winning, it may grant judgment in favor of the applicant.

• Ordering an Oral Hearing: In some cases, the court might ask for an oral hearing if it needs more clarity before making a decision.

4. Benefits of Summary Judgment

• Quick and Efficient: It saves time by skipping a full trial.

• Cost-Effective: With a faster judgment, legal expenses are reduced.

• Direct Resolution: Helps resolve straightforward cases where the outcome is clear.

5. Why It Matters

• Order 14 gives parties a way to resolve disputes quickly and is especially useful in cases where one party’s position is evidently weak.

The Joint Management Body (JMB) plays a crucial role in ensuring a smooth and harmonious living experience in condominiums. Here’s a simple guide on what they do:

1. Maintenance and Repairs

• Responsible for maintaining common areas and facilities like elevators, pools, gyms, and gardens.

• Ensures that repairs are done promptly to keep amenities in top shape.

2. Security Management

• Sets up security measures like CCTV, security guards, and access controls.

• Works to keep the building safe and secure for all residents.

3. Financial Management

• Collects maintenance fees, pays bills, and keeps financial records.

• Ensures transparency and efficient budgeting for building upkeep.

4. Insurance Coverage

• Arranges insurance policies for the building, covering property damage, public liability, and worker compensation.

5. Enforcing By-Laws

• Enforces community rules like noise restrictions, pet policies, and parking regulations.

• Keeps the condo community peaceful and orderly.

6. Resolving Disputes

• Addresses resident complaints and resolves issues over noise, parking, or shared facility usage.

• Mediates to maintain harmony and prevent conflicts among residents.

Why the JMB is Important

By overseeing maintenance, security, finances, and community harmony, the JMB ensures a high standard of living for all condo residents. A well-managed JMB contributes to a safe, organized, and pleasant environment, making condo life easier and more enjoyable.

1. What is a Tortfeasor?

• A tortfeasor is anyone (person or business) who causes harm or injury to another through wrongful actions.

• Torts can be intentional (like assault) or unintentional (like negligence).

2. Types of Torts Committed by Tortfeasors

• Intentional Acts: Harm caused deliberately, such as assault or defamation.

• Negligent Acts: Harm caused by carelessness, such as failing to fix unsafe conditions.

• Strict Liability Torts: Cases where the tortfeasor is responsible for harm even without intent or negligence, such as defective products.

3. Proving Liability in a Tort Case

• Duty of Care Breach: Plaintiff must show that the tortfeasor owed a duty of care and failed to meet it.

• Causation of Harm: Plaintiff must prove that the breach directly caused injury or damage.

• Intent or Negligence: Demonstrating that the tortfeasor acted either with intent to harm or negligently.

4. Why Pursue a Tort Case?

• Compensation: The injured party may seek compensation for damages.

• Legal Remedies: Tort law provides a pathway for individuals to seek justice and recover losses.